Zprávy památkové péče 2019, 79(4):495-506 | DOI: 10.56112/zpp.2019.4.08

"A Flaming Star That Enlivens the Soul." Iconography of Napoleon's Messianism in the Visual Arts of the First Republic and France's First Empire

Marian Hochel
ÚHV, FPF Slezské univerzity v Opavě

During France's revolutionary years of the late 18th century, French society went through a phase of religious discontinuity. The obvious manifestation of this was the prohibition of Christianity and the introduction of new revolutionary cults which, as later development showed, turned out to be merely ephemeral projects. After the proclamation of the Consulate of Napoleon Bonaparte, the vacant space in the spiritual life of divided French society would be filled by a new civil religion which restored Christianity to its official position as the faith of most French citizens. Under the baton of the First Consul Bonaparte, however, this religion was supposed to primarily serve as a utilitarian instrument in relation to state interests and found its ideological anchorage in the messianism of France's new sovereign, who formally ended the revolution in 1799. It had its roots already in Bonaparte's first Italian campaign in 1796-1797, and army rhetoric was gradually transferred to the civil rhetoric that characterized Napoleon's regime after the Coup of 18 Brumaire. This specific form of messianism found its real contours in the visual presentation of the official artistic and artisan production of the First Republic and the First Empire in France as well as in the iconography formed by the Napoleonic legend long after his death. Its origins are documented by artifacts (napoleonica) from the mobiliary fund of the National Heritage Institute and other heritage institutions that bear the iconography of Napoleon's Messianism in the intentions of the revocation of the Christological cycle from his reign.

Keywords: Napoleon Bonaparte, messianism, iconography, symbolism, fine art

Published: December 1, 2019  Show citation

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Hochel, M. (2019). "A Flaming Star That Enlivens the Soul." Iconography of Napoleon's Messianism in the Visual Arts of the First Republic and France's First Empire. Zprávy památkové péče79(4), 495-506. doi: 10.56112/zpp.2019.4.08
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